Gradle OOM 问题

最近在准备 Booster 的 v3.0.0 发布前的测试，为了保证 Booster 的质量，对 Android Gradle Plugin 从 3.0.0 到 4.1.0 挨个版本进行了适配，并写了大量的集成测试，在跑测试用例的过程中，刚开始跑 debug 的构建测试用例一切挺顺利的，后来脑子一抽，把 release 构建也加上吧，没想到，整个测试用例就卡在 Android Gradle Plugin 3.5.0 的用例上不动了，试了很多次，也一直这样，后来一看，原来已经是 OOM 了，还 dump 了一堆 hprof 文件，看了一下 JUnit 的测试报告才发现，原来是 Metaspace 爆了。

org.gradle.testkit.runner.UnexpectedBuildFailure: Unexpected build execution failure in /var/folders/dy/bxzw01fx3bv9xmsmyy77qgx80000gp/T/junit1018081279555935171 with arguments [assemble, -S, -Pbooster_version=2.4.0, -Pandroid_gradle_version=3.5.0, -Pcompile_sdk_version=28, -Pbuild_tools_version=26.0.3, -Pmin_sdk_version=18, -Ptarget_sdk_version=26]

Output:
> Task :buildSrc:compileJava NO-SOURCE
> Task :buildSrc:compileGroovy NO-SOURCE
> Task :buildSrc:processResources
> Task :buildSrc:classes
> Task :buildSrc:jar
> Task :buildSrc:assemble
> Task :buildSrc:compileTestJava NO-SOURCE
> Task :buildSrc:compileTestGroovy NO-SOURCE
> Task :buildSrc:processTestResources NO-SOURCE
> Task :buildSrc:testClasses UP-TO-DATE
> Task :buildSrc:test NO-SOURCE
> Task :buildSrc:check UP-TO-DATE
> Task :buildSrc:build

> Configure project :
file:/Users/johnsonlee/Workspace/github/didi/booster/booster-android-gradle-v3_5/build/classes/java/main/
file:/Users/johnsonlee/Workspace/github/didi/booster/booster-android-gradle-v3_5/build/classes/kotlin/main/
file:/Users/johnsonlee/Workspace/github/didi/booster/booster-android-gradle-v3_5/build/tmp/kapt3/classes/main/
file:/Users/johnsonlee/Workspace/github/didi/booster/booster-android-gradle-v3_5/build/resources/main
file:/Users/johnsonlee/Workspace/github/didi/booster/booster-android-gradle-compat/build/libs/booster-android-gradle-compat-3.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
file:/Users/johnsonlee/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.jetbrains.kotlin/kotlin-reflect/1.3.61/2e07c9a84c9e118efb70eede7e579fd663932122/kotlin-reflect-1.3.61.jar
file:/Users/johnsonlee/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.jetbrains.kotlin/kotlin-stdlib/1.3.61/4702105e97f7396ae41b113fdbdc180ec1eb1e36/kotlin-stdlib-1.3.61.jar
file:/Users/johnsonlee/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.jetbrains.kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-common/1.3.61/65abb71d5afb850b68be03987b08e2c864ca3110/kotlin-stdlib-common-1.3.61.jar
file:/Users/johnsonlee/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.jetbrains/annotations/13.0/919f0dfe192fb4e063e7dacadee7f8bb9a2672a9/annotations-13.0.jar
file:/Users/johnsonlee/Workspace/github/didi/booster/booster-android-gradle-v3_5/build/classes/kotlin/integrationTest/
WARNING: The specified Android SDK Build Tools version (26.0.3) is ignored, as it is below the minimum supported version (28.0.3) for Android Gradle Plugin 3.5.0.
Android SDK Build Tools 28.0.3 will be used.
To suppress this warning, remove "buildToolsVersion '26.0.3'" from your build.gradle file, as each version of the Android Gradle Plugin now has a default version of the build tools.

> Task :preBuild UP-TO-DATE
> Task :preCnDebugBuild UP-TO-DATE
> Task :compileCnDebugAidl NO-SOURCE
> Task :compileCnDebugRenderscript NO-SOURCE
> Task :checkCnDebugManifest
> Task :generateCnDebugBuildConfig
> Task :mainApkListPersistenceCnDebug
> Task :generateCnDebugResValues
> Task :generateCnDebugResources
> Task :createCnDebugCompatibleScreenManifests
> Task :processCnDebugManifest
> Task :mergeCnDebugShaders
> Task :compileCnDebugShaders
> Task :generateCnDebugAssets
> Task :mergeCnDebugAssets
> Task :processCnDebugJavaRes NO-SOURCE
> Task :checkCnDebugDuplicateClasses
> Task :validateSigningCnDebug
> Task :signingConfigWriterCnDebug
> Task :mergeCnDebugJniLibFolders
> Task :preCnReleaseBuild UP-TO-DATE
> Task :compileCnReleaseAidl NO-SOURCE
> Task :compileCnReleaseRenderscript NO-SOURCE
> Task :checkCnReleaseManifest
> Task :generateCnReleaseBuildConfig
> Task :mainApkListPersistenceCnRelease
> Task :generateCnReleaseResValues
> Task :generateCnReleaseResources
> Task :javaPreCompileCnRelease
> Task :createCnReleaseCompatibleScreenManifests
> Task :processCnReleaseManifest
> Task :prepareLintJar
> Task :mergeCnReleaseShaders
> Task :compileCnReleaseShaders
> Task :generateCnReleaseAssets
> Task :mergeCnReleaseAssets
> Task :processCnReleaseJavaRes NO-SOURCE
> Task :checkCnReleaseDuplicateClasses
> Task :signingConfigWriterCnRelease
> Task :mergeCnReleaseJniLibFolders
> Task :preEnDebugBuild UP-TO-DATE
> Task :compileEnDebugAidl NO-SOURCE
> Task :compileEnDebugRenderscript NO-SOURCE
> Task :checkEnDebugManifest
> Task :generateEnDebugBuildConfig
> Task :mergeCnDebugResources
> Task :processCnDebugResources
> Task :mainApkListPersistenceEnDebug
> Task :generateEnDebugResValues
> Task :generateEnDebugResources
> Task :mergeCnDebugNativeLibs
> Task :stripCnDebugDebugSymbols
> Task :createEnDebugCompatibleScreenManifests
> Task :processEnDebugManifest
> Task :checkEnDebugDuplicateClasses
> Task :mergeEnDebugShaders
> Task :compileEnDebugShaders
> Task :generateEnDebugAssets
> Task :mergeEnDebugAssets
> Task :processEnDebugJavaRes NO-SOURCE
> Task :validateSigningEnDebug
> Task :signingConfigWriterEnDebug
> Task :mergeEnDebugJniLibFolders
> Task :javaPreCompileCnDebug
> Task :compileCnDebugJavaWithJavac
> Task :compileCnDebugSources
> Task :transformClassesWithDexBuilderForCnDebug FAILED
> Task :mergeCnReleaseNativeLibs
> Task :mergeCnDebugJavaResource
> Task :mergeEnDebugNativeLibs
> Task :mergeCnReleaseResources
> Task :javaPreCompileEnDebug
> Task :mergeEnDebugResources
Daemon will be stopped at the end of the build after running out of JVM memory

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Metaspace

* Try:
Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output. Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Exception is:
java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Metaspace


* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 24s

    at org.gradle.testkit.runner.internal.DefaultGradleRunner$2.execute(DefaultGradleRunner.java:255)
    at org.gradle.testkit.runner.internal.DefaultGradleRunner$2.execute(DefaultGradleRunner.java:251)
    at org.gradle.testkit.runner.internal.DefaultGradleRunner.run(DefaultGradleRunner.java:324)
    at org.gradle.testkit.runner.internal.DefaultGradleRunner.build(DefaultGradleRunner.java:251)
    at io.bootstage.testkit.gradle.rules.GradleExecutor.finished(GradleExecutor.kt:50)
    at org.junit.rules.TestWatcher.finishedQuietly(TestWatcher.java:117)
    at org.junit.rules.TestWatcher.access$400(TestWatcher.java:46)
    at org.junit.rules.TestWatcher$1.evaluate(TestWatcher.java:64)
    at org.junit.rules.TestWatcher$1.evaluate(TestWatcher.java:55)
    at org.junit.rules.TestWatcher$1.evaluate(TestWatcher.java:55)
    at org.junit.rules.ExternalResource$1.evaluate(ExternalResource.java:48)
    at org.junit.rules.RunRules.evaluate(RunRules.java:20)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecutor.runTestClass(JUnitTestClassExecutor.java:110)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecutor.execute(JUnitTestClassExecutor.java:58)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecutor.execute(JUnitTestClassExecutor.java:38)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.AbstractJUnitTestClassProcessor.processTestClass(AbstractJUnitTestClassProcessor.java:62)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.SuiteTestClassProcessor.processTestClass(SuiteTestClassProcessor.java:51)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:36)
    at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:24)
    at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ContextClassLoaderDispatch.dispatch(ContextClassLoaderDispatch.java:33)
    at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ProxyDispatchAdapter$DispatchingInvocationHandler.invoke(ProxyDispatchAdapter.java:94)
    at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy2.processTestClass(Unknown Source)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.processTestClass(TestWorker.java:118)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:36)
    at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:24)
    at org.gradle.internal.remote.internal.hub.MessageHubBackedObjectConnection$DispatchWrapper.dispatch(MessageHubBackedObjectConnection.java:182)
    at org.gradle.internal.remote.internal.hub.MessageHubBackedObjectConnection$DispatchWrapper.dispatch(MessageHubBackedObjectConnection.java:164)
    at org.gradle.internal.remote.internal.hub.MessageHub$Handler.run(MessageHub.java:412)
    at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ExecutorPolicy$CatchAndRecordFailures.onExecute(ExecutorPolicy.java:64)
    at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ManagedExecutorImpl$1.run(ManagedExecutorImpl.java:48)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
    at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ThreadFactoryImpl$ManagedThreadRunnable.run(ThreadFactoryImpl.java:56)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

Gradle 测试

跑 Gradle 插件测试需要引到 Gradle TestKit，每个 @Test 方法前都会动态创建一个 Android Gradle 工程，然后在 @Test 方法后会调用 Gradle Runner 去执行 assemble 这个任务，@Test 方法体中可以操作这个动态生成的 Android Gradle 工程，例如：

private const val MIN_SDK_VERSION = 18
private const val TARGET_SDK_VERSION = 30
private val AGP = V30

private val ARGS = arrayOf(
        "assemble", "-S",
        "-Pbooster_version=${Build.VERSION}",
        "-Pandroid_gradle_version=3.0.0",
        "-Pcompile_sdk_version=28",
        "-Pbuild_tools_version=26.0.3",
        "-Pmin_sdk_version=${MIN_SDK_VERSION}",
        "-Ptarget_sdk_version=${TARGET_SDK_VERSION}"
)

@Suppress("RemoveCurlyBracesFromTemplate", "FunctionName")
abstract class V30IntegrationTest(val isLib: Boolean) {

    private val projectDir = TemporaryFolder()

    @get:Rule
    val ruleChain: TestRule = rule(projectDir) {
        rule(LocalProperties(projectDir::getRoot)) {
            rule(TestCaseConfigure(projectDir::getRoot)) {
                GradleExecutor(projectDir::getRoot, "4.1", *ARGS)
            }
        }
    }

    @Before
    fun setup() {
        projectDir.copyFromResource("${if (isLib) "lib" else "app"}.gradle", "build.gradle")
        projectDir.copyFromResource("buildSrc")
        projectDir.copyFromResource("src")
    }

    @Test
    @Case(ScopeFullWithFeaturesTest::class)
    fun `test AGPInterface#scopeFullWithFeatures`() {
    }

}

class V30AppIntegrationTest : V30IntegrationTest(false)

class V30LibIntegrationTest : V30IntegrationTest(true)

Gradle Runner

Gradle Runner 在执行测试构建任务的时候，会新启一个 GradleDaemon 进程，默认 Gradle Runner 会在 $TMPDIR 目录下创建一个类似于 ~/.gradle 的目录，用来存放缓存文件，刚开始出现 OOM 的时候，以为与 Gradle Runner 有关，后来，重新设置了 Gradle Runner 的目录，OOM 依然存在。

Profiling

OOM 发生在 Metaspace ，大概率跟 class 的加载有关，于是用 VisualVM 对 Gradle Runner 的 GradleDaemon 进程进行分析，发现 Metaspace 的内存涨幅很不可思议，执行到第三个测试用例就 OOM 了：

Test 日志

为了看到更详细的 build 过程，于是，打开了 Test 任务的日志：

task integrationTest(type: Test) {
    description = 'Runs the integration tests.'
    group = 'verification'
    testClassesDirs = sourceSets.integrationTest.output.classesDirs
    classpath = sourceSets.integrationTest.runtimeClasspath
    mustRunAfter test
    testLogging {
        events "passed", "skipped", "failed", "standardOut", "standardError" // 开启日志输出
    }
}

task functionalTest(type: Test) {
    description = 'Runs the functional tests.'
    group = 'verification'
    testClassesDirs = sourceSets.functionalTest.output.classesDirs
    classpath = sourceSets.functionalTest.runtimeClasspath
    mustRunAfter test, integrationTest
    testLogging {
        events "passed", "skipped", "failed", "standardOut", "standardError" // 开启日志输出
    }
}

这样，就可以看到测试工程的 build 的详细过程了：

com.didiglobal.booster.android.gradle.v3_5.V35AppIntegrationTest > test AGPInterface#mergedManifests STANDARD_OUT
    > Task :buildSrc:compileJava NO-SOURCE
    > Task :buildSrc:compileGroovy NO-SOURCE
    > Task :buildSrc:processResources
    > Task :buildSrc:classes
    > Task :buildSrc:jar
    > Task :buildSrc:assemble
    > Task :buildSrc:compileTestJava NO-SOURCE
    > Task :buildSrc:compileTestGroovy NO-SOURCE
    > Task :buildSrc:processTestResources NO-SOURCE
    > Task :buildSrc:testClasses UP-TO-DATE
    > Task :buildSrc:test NO-SOURCE
    > Task :buildSrc:check UP-TO-DATE
    > Task :buildSrc:build
    > Configure project :
    file:/Users/johnsonlee/Workspace/github/didi/booster/booster-android-gradle-v3_5/build/classes/kotlin/integrationTest/
    WARNING: The specified Android SDK Build Tools version (26.0.3) is ignored, as it is below the minimum supported version (28.0.3) for Android Gradle Plugin 3.5.0.
    Android SDK Build Tools 28.0.3 will be used.
    To suppress this warning, remove "buildToolsVersion '26.0.3'" from your build.gradle file, as each version of the Android Gradle Plugin now has a default version of the build tools.

    > Task :preBuild UP-TO-DATE
    > Task :preCnDebugBuild UP-TO-DATE
    > Task :compileCnDebugAidl NO-SOURCE
    > Task :compileCnDebugRenderscript NO-SOURCE
    > Task :checkCnDebugManifest
    > Task :generateCnDebugBuildConfig FROM-CACHE
    > Task :javaPreCompileCnDebug FROM-CACHE
    > Task :mainApkListPersistenceCnDebug
    > Task :generateCnDebugResValues FROM-CACHE
    > Task :generateCnDebugResources UP-TO-DATE
    > Task :mergeCnDebugResources FROM-CACHE
    > Task :createCnDebugCompatibleScreenManifests
    > Task :processCnDebugManifest
    > Task :processCnDebugResources
    > Task :compileCnDebugJavaWithJavac FROM-CACHE
    > Task :compileCnDebugSources UP-TO-DATE
    > Task :mergeCnDebugShaders FROM-CACHE
    > Task :compileCnDebugShaders FROM-CACHE
    > Task :generateCnDebugAssets UP-TO-DATE
    > Task :mergeCnDebugAssets FROM-CACHE
    > Task :processCnDebugJavaRes NO-SOURCE
    > Task :mergeCnDebugJavaResource FROM-CACHE
    > Task :checkCnDebugDuplicateClasses FROM-CACHE
    > Task :transformClassesWithDexBuilderForCnDebug
    > Task :mergeExtDexCnDebug FROM-CACHE
    > Task :mergeDexCnDebug FROM-CACHE
    > Task :validateSigningCnDebug FROM-CACHE
    > Task :signingConfigWriterCnDebug FROM-CACHE
    > Task :mergeCnDebugJniLibFolders FROM-CACHE
    > Task :mergeCnDebugNativeLibs FROM-CACHE
    > Task :stripCnDebugDebugSymbols FROM-CACHE
    > Task :packageCnDebug
    > Task :transformClassesWithBoosterForCnDebug
    > Task :assembleCnDebug
    > Task :preCnReleaseBuild UP-TO-DATE
    > Task :compileCnReleaseAidl NO-SOURCE
    > Task :compileCnReleaseRenderscript NO-SOURCE
    > Task :checkCnReleaseManifest
    > Task :generateCnReleaseBuildConfig FROM-CACHE
    > Task :javaPreCompileCnRelease FROM-CACHE
    > Task :mainApkListPersistenceCnRelease
    > Task :generateCnReleaseResValues FROM-CACHE
    > Task :generateCnReleaseResources UP-TO-DATE
    > Task :mergeCnReleaseResources FROM-CACHE
    > Task :createCnReleaseCompatibleScreenManifests
    > Task :processCnReleaseManifest
    > Task :processCnReleaseResources
    > Task :compileCnReleaseJavaWithJavac FROM-CACHE
    > Task :compileCnReleaseSources UP-TO-DATE
    > Task :prepareLintJar
    > Task :lintVitalCnRelease FAILED

    FAILURE: Build completed with 2 failures.

    1:
    Task failed with an exception.
    -----------
    * What went wrong:
    Execution failed for task ':lintVitalCnRelease'.
    >
    Lint infrastructure error
      Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
        at com.android.tools.lint.gradle.api.ReflectiveLintRunner.runLint(ReflectiveLintRunner.kt:38)
        at com.android.build.gradle.tasks.LintBaseTask.runLint(LintBaseTask.java:100)
        at com.android.build.gradle.tasks.LintPerVariantTask.lint(LintPerVariantTask.java:60)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
        at org.gradle.internal.reflect.JavaMethod.invoke(JavaMethod.java:103)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.project.taskfactory.StandardTaskAction.doExecute(StandardTaskAction.java:48)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.project.taskfactory.StandardTaskAction.execute(StandardTaskAction.java:41)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.project.taskfactory.StandardTaskAction.execute(StandardTaskAction.java:28)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.AbstractTask$TaskActionWrapper.execute(AbstractTask.java:702)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.AbstractTask$TaskActionWrapper.execute(AbstractTask.java:669)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter$5.run(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:404)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$RunnableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:402)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$RunnableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:394)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$1.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:165)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:250)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:158)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.run(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:92)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DelegatingBuildOperationExecutor.run(DelegatingBuildOperationExecutor.java:31)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.executeAction(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:393)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.executeActions(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:376)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.access$200(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:80)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter$TaskExecution.execute(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:213)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.ExecuteStep.lambda$execute$1(ExecuteStep.java:33)
        at java.util.Optional.orElseGet(Optional.java:267)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.ExecuteStep.execute(ExecuteStep.java:33)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.ExecuteStep.execute(ExecuteStep.java:26)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.CleanupOutputsStep.execute(CleanupOutputsStep.java:58)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.CleanupOutputsStep.execute(CleanupOutputsStep.java:35)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.ResolveInputChangesStep.execute(ResolveInputChangesStep.java:48)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.ResolveInputChangesStep.execute(ResolveInputChangesStep.java:33)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.CancelExecutionStep.execute(CancelExecutionStep.java:39)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.TimeoutStep.executeWithoutTimeout(TimeoutStep.java:73)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.TimeoutStep.execute(TimeoutStep.java:54)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.CatchExceptionStep.execute(CatchExceptionStep.java:35)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.CreateOutputsStep.execute(CreateOutputsStep.java:51)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.SnapshotOutputsStep.execute(SnapshotOutputsStep.java:45)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.SnapshotOutputsStep.execute(SnapshotOutputsStep.java:31)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.CacheStep.executeWithoutCache(CacheStep.java:201)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.CacheStep.execute(CacheStep.java:70)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.CacheStep.execute(CacheStep.java:45)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.BroadcastChangingOutputsStep.execute(BroadcastChangingOutputsStep.java:49)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.StoreSnapshotsStep.execute(StoreSnapshotsStep.java:43)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.StoreSnapshotsStep.execute(StoreSnapshotsStep.java:32)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.RecordOutputsStep.execute(RecordOutputsStep.java:38)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.RecordOutputsStep.execute(RecordOutputsStep.java:24)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.SkipUpToDateStep.executeBecause(SkipUpToDateStep.java:96)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.SkipUpToDateStep.lambda$execute$0(SkipUpToDateStep.java:89)
        at java.util.Optional.map(Optional.java:215)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.SkipUpToDateStep.execute(SkipUpToDateStep.java:54)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.SkipUpToDateStep.execute(SkipUpToDateStep.java:38)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.ResolveChangesStep.execute(ResolveChangesStep.java:77)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.ResolveChangesStep.execute(ResolveChangesStep.java:37)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.legacy.MarkSnapshottingInputsFinishedStep.execute(MarkSnapshottingInputsFinishedStep.java:36)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.legacy.MarkSnapshottingInputsFinishedStep.execute(MarkSnapshottingInputsFinishedStep.java:26)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.ResolveCachingStateStep.execute(ResolveCachingStateStep.java:90)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.ResolveCachingStateStep.execute(ResolveCachingStateStep.java:48)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.DefaultWorkExecutor.execute(DefaultWorkExecutor.java:33)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.execute(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:120)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ResolveBeforeExecutionStateTaskExecuter.execute(ResolveBeforeExecutionStateTaskExecuter.java:75)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ValidatingTaskExecuter.execute(ValidatingTaskExecuter.java:62)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipEmptySourceFilesTaskExecuter.execute(SkipEmptySourceFilesTaskExecuter.java:108)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ResolveBeforeExecutionOutputsTaskExecuter.execute(ResolveBeforeExecutionOutputsTaskExecuter.java:67)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.StartSnapshotTaskInputsBuildOperationTaskExecuter.execute(StartSnapshotTaskInputsBuildOperationTaskExecuter.java:62)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ResolveAfterPreviousExecutionStateTaskExecuter.execute(ResolveAfterPreviousExecutionStateTaskExecuter.java:46)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.CleanupStaleOutputsExecuter.execute(CleanupStaleOutputsExecuter.java:94)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.FinalizePropertiesTaskExecuter.execute(FinalizePropertiesTaskExecuter.java:46)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ResolveTaskExecutionModeExecuter.execute(ResolveTaskExecutionModeExecuter.java:95)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipTaskWithNoActionsExecuter.execute(SkipTaskWithNoActionsExecuter.java:57)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipOnlyIfTaskExecuter.execute(SkipOnlyIfTaskExecuter.java:56)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.CatchExceptionTaskExecuter.execute(CatchExceptionTaskExecuter.java:36)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.EventFiringTaskExecuter$1.executeTask(EventFiringTaskExecuter.java:73)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.EventFiringTaskExecuter$1.call(EventFiringTaskExecuter.java:52)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.EventFiringTaskExecuter$1.call(EventFiringTaskExecuter.java:49)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$CallableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:416)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$CallableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:406)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor$1.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:165)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:250)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.execute(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:158)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.call(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:102)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DelegatingBuildOperationExecutor.call(DelegatingBuildOperationExecutor.java:36)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.EventFiringTaskExecuter.execute(EventFiringTaskExecuter.java:49)
        at org.gradle.execution.plan.LocalTaskNodeExecutor.execute(LocalTaskNodeExecutor.java:43)
        at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskExecutionGraph$InvokeNodeExecutorsAction.execute(DefaultTaskExecutionGraph.java:355)
        at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskExecutionGraph$InvokeNodeExecutorsAction.execute(DefaultTaskExecutionGraph.java:343)
        at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskExecutionGraph$BuildOperationAwareExecutionAction.execute(DefaultTaskExecutionGraph.java:336)
        at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskExecutionGraph$BuildOperationAwareExecutionAction.execute(DefaultTaskExecutionGraph.java:322)
        at org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker$1.execute(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:134)
        at org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker$1.execute(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:129)
        at org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker.execute(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:202)
        at org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker.executeNextNode(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:193)
        at org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker.run(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:129)
        at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ExecutorPolicy$CatchAndRecordFailures.onExecute(ExecutorPolicy.java:63)
        at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ManagedExecutorImpl$1.run(ManagedExecutorImpl.java:46)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
        at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ThreadFactoryImpl$ManagedThreadRunnable.run(ThreadFactoryImpl.java:55)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
      Caused by: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Metaspace
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:756)
        at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:142)
        at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:468)
        at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$100(URLClassLoader.java:74)
        at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:369)
        at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:363)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:362)
        at com.android.tools.lint.gradle.api.DelegatingClassLoader.findClass(DelegatingClassLoader.kt:30)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:418)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:351)
        at com.android.tools.lint.checks.BuiltinIssueRegistry.<clinit>(BuiltinIssueRegistry.java:363)
        at com.android.tools.lint.gradle.LintGradleExecution.createIssueRegistry(LintGradleExecution.java:375)
        at com.android.tools.lint.gradle.LintGradleExecution.runLint(LintGradleExecution.java:216)
        at com.android.tools.lint.gradle.LintGradleExecution.lintSingleVariant(LintGradleExecution.java:385)
        at com.android.tools.lint.gradle.LintGradleExecution.analyze(LintGradleExecution.java:91)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
        at com.android.tools.lint.gradle.api.ReflectiveLintRunner.runLint(ReflectiveLintRunner.kt:38)
        at com.android.build.gradle.tasks.LintBaseTask.runLint(LintBaseTask.java:100)
        at com.android.build.gradle.tasks.LintPerVariantTask.lint(LintPerVariantTask.java:60)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
        at org.gradle.internal.reflect.JavaMethod.invoke(JavaMethod.java:103)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.project.taskfactory.StandardTaskAction.doExecute(StandardTaskAction.java:48)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.project.taskfactory.StandardTaskAction.execute(StandardTaskAction.java:41)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.project.taskfactory.StandardTaskAction.execute(StandardTaskAction.java:28)


    * Try:

    Run with
    --info
     or
    --debug
     option to get more log output. Run with
    --scan
     to get full insights.

从上面的堆栈来看，是 lintVitalCnRelease 这个 Task 的锅，于是，尝试关掉 lintVitalCnRelease：

android {

    ...

    lintOptions {
        checkReleaseBuilds false
    }
}

再次 run 一下测试用例，通过 VisualVM 分析，发现 Metaspace 的增长曲线变成这样了：

当然，除了禁用 lintVital 的方式外，还可以通过 gradle.properties 来调大 Metaspace 的大小：

org.gradle.jvmargs=-XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=512m -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -Xms512m -Xmx2048m